法学院知识库

专利权在本质上属于民事私权，智力成果的创造者基于其发明创造获得的排他性专有权利，行政机关的进行审查和公示，是界定专利权利范围和专利权人行使权利的必要条件。对于授权后的专利权有效性争议是专属于行政机关还是可以由普通法院受理，美国式的双轨制和德国式的二元制都有其各自运行背景。日本法院判定专利权有效性只是个案有效的模式虽然获得我国学界的赞同，但是在实践上难以为我国知识产权法院的建设和专利诉讼制度改革所用。在专利侵权诉讼中允许被诉侵权人进行无效抗辩，以及具有专利案件管辖权的知识产权法院可以对涉案专利的有效性就行判定，可以避免专利侵权争议与专利权有效性争议交叉时产生的专利侵权纠纷案件审理的拖沓，同时有利于及时明确当事人双方的权利义务，但这需要建立与其相应的运行机制。结合最高人民法院巡回法庭的设置分布，新增设立知识产权法院，在专利司法制度改革初期，由最高人民法院及其分布在各大区的巡回法庭负责专利案件的上诉审理，最后根据专利案件的数量和司法审判资源的数据反馈，适时地考虑建立统一的知识产权法院的上诉法院，级别为高级人民法院，进一步完善我国的专利侵权诉讼制度。

The patent right is the civil right arising from the invention and creation, and the examination and publicity of the administrative organ is the necessary condition to define the scope of the right and the right to exercise it. The dispute about the validity of the patent right after authorization is exclusive to the administrative organ or can be accepted by the ordinary court. The American dual-track system and the German dual system have their respective operating backgrounds. Japanese court ruled that the patent validity only cases effective mode while our country academic circles, but in practice hard for the construction of our country intellectual property court and patent litigation system reform. In a patent infringement lawsuit allow invalid sued defense, and a patent case jurisdiction over intellectual property court may, for the validity of the patents involved in the line, to avoid patent infringement dispute with cross validity patent dispute of patent infringement dispute case procrastination, at the same time is conducive to clear the rights and obligations of the parties in a timely manner, but this need to first set up and its corresponding operating mechanisms. Combined with the set the distribution of the circuit court of the supreme people's court, the new set up intellectual property court, at the beginning of the patent reform of the judicial system, and their distribution in various regions with the supreme people's court responsible for the circuit court of appeals trial of patent cases, according to the number of patent cases and judicial resources data feedback, duly consider to establish a unified the United States court of appeals for the intellectual property rights, the level of the higher people's court. We will further improve China's patent infringement lawsuit system.