法学院知识库

金融是经济的核心。在现代金融业的发展过程中，由于金融机构具有的逐利性，导致在广泛的国家和地区内出现金融排斥现象，城乡中的低收入人群成为被金融机构拒绝提供金融服务的对象，严重阻碍了这部分群体的自身发展，也客观上影响该地区的社会经济的正常发展。 为解决金融排斥的难题，2005年联合国在“国际小额信贷年”时提出了普惠金融。普惠金融注重普及性和惠及性，强调为要为被金融排斥的低收入人群提供包括账户、信贷和转账等全方位的金融服务。 2016年，国务院印发了《推进普惠金融发展规划（2016—2020年）》，明确提出了建立“完善普惠金融法律法规体系”的工作目标。当前，我国对普惠金融法律发展的理论研究和实践仍较滞后，难以为普惠金融的发展提供全面、有效的法律保障，这是阻碍我国普惠金融发展的关键性问题，也成为当前我国发展普惠金融亟待解决的重要问题。 本文对我国普惠金融法律规制存在的问题以及如何进一步完善着重进行分析。全文主要包括绪论、正文和结束语三个部分，而正文部分又分为五部分： 第一部分主要是普惠金融的概述。首先，解释普惠金融的概念，其次介绍了国际上以及我国普惠金融的发展历程。 第二部分主要阐述发展普惠金融的理论基础。首先是从金融学角度出发，基于信用经济理论、金融排斥理论提出发展普惠金融的必要性；接着基于法学的角度，从发展权、正义论、信用权等方面进行探讨，为普惠金融制度的发展提供法律制度上的支持。 第三部分总结我国推进普惠金融的立法现状和存在问题。首先介绍当前我国普惠金融立法的总体概况，接着分析其存在的主要问题，指出现有普惠金融的立法仍不够完善，阻碍了我国普惠金融的发展。 第四部分主要介绍域外普惠金融的立法和实践。首先从发达国家、发展中国家两个维度分析其普惠金融立法和实践的成效，其次从中提炼出有益于我国发展普惠金融的经验。 第五部分是完善我国普惠金融法律制度的相关建议。主要包括在宪法中明确对公民发展权的法律保障、在民法典中明确对公民信用权的法律保障；建立包括社会责任类、市场准入类、市场行为监管类、市场退出类等四大类法律在内的我国普惠金融法律体系；完善普惠金融相关配套制度。

Finance is the core of the economy. In the development of the modern financial industry, due to the profit-driven nature of financial institutions, financial exclusion has occurred in a wide range of countries and regions. Low-income people in urban and rural areas have become objects that financial institutions have refused to provide financial services. The self-development of this group of people also objectively affected the normal development of the social economy in the region. In order to solve the problem of financial exclusion, the United Nations put forward inclusive finance in the “International Year of Microcredit” in 2005. Pratt & Whitney emphasizes universality and accessibility, emphasizing the need to provide all-round financial services including account, credit, and transfer for low-income people who are financially excluded. In 2016, the State Council issued the“Plan for Development of Inclusive Finance Development (2016-2020)”, which clearly stated the goal of establishing a “perfect financial and legal financial and regulatory system.” At present, China’s theoretical research and practice on the legal development of inclusive finance is still lagging behind, and it is difficult to provide comprehensive and effective legal guarantees for the development of inclusive finance. This is a key issue that hinders the development of inclusive finance in China and has become a The important issues that need to be solved in the development of inclusive finance. This article analyzes the problems existing in the legal regulation of inclusive finance in China and how to further perfect it. The full text mainly includes the introduction, the main body and the concluding remarks. The main body is divided into five parts: The first part is mainly an overview of inclusive finance. First of all, explain the concept of inclusive finance, followed by the introduction of international and China's development of inclusive finance. The second part mainly elaborates the theoretical basis for the development of inclusive finance. First, from the point of view of finance, the necessity of developing inclusive finance is based on the theory of credit economy and financial exclusion; and then, based on the perspective of jurisprudence, it is discussed from the perspectives of the right to development, justice, credit, etc., as a system of inclusive finance. The development provides legal system support. The third part summarizes the legislative status quo and existing problems in promoting inclusive finance in China. First of all, it introduces the overall overview of China's current legislation on inclusive finance, then analyzes its main problems, and points out that the existing legislation on inclusive finance is still not perfect and hinders the development of inclusive finance in China. The fourth part mainly introduces the legislation and practice of extra-territorial inclusive finance. First of all, from the two dimensions of developed countries and developing countries, we analyze the effectiveness of its inclusive financial legislation and practice, and secondly, it extracts the experience that is beneficial to the development of inclusive finance in China. The fifth part is related to the improvement of China's inclusive financial legal system. It mainly includes the legal protection of citizens’ right to development in the Constitution, and the legal protection of civil credit rights in the Civil Code; the establishment of four categories including social responsibility, market access, market behavior supervision, and market withdrawal. China's inclusive financial legal system, including laws, has improved the related supporting system for inclusive finance.