“高原夏菜”剩余物资源状况及其还田效应

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	“高原夏菜”剩余物资源状况及其还田效应
Alternative Title	Vegetable Residues Resource and Effect of Waste Vegetable Retun to field at Plateau
	胡国平
Subtype	硕士
Thesis Advisor	曹靖
	2012-05-26
Degree Grantor	兰州大学
Place of Conferral	兰州
Degree Name	硕士
Keyword	蔬菜废弃物养分资源调查直接还田养分释放土壤氮矿化分解周期土壤氮损耗产量效应
Abstract	针对榆中县高原夏菜大量蔬菜剩余物资源不能有效利用的现状，本研究采用田间试验和室内试验相结合的方法，以期了解蔬菜废弃物还田后分解周期、土壤养分变化以及化肥减量化施用。主要结果表明：（1）调查显示，蔬菜种植过程中，会产生32～66%的剩余物，其中干物质含钾4～12%，含氮2.7～4.5%，含磷0.16～1.65%。（2）大田分解试验表明，新鲜蔬菜废弃物分解迅速，分解模型拟合效果较好，新鲜芹菜和花椰菜废弃物还田后经过31～57天和6～12天其50%干物质被分解。（3）无机氮与蔬菜废弃物耦合试验结果表明，蔬菜废弃物添加土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和速效氮分别是对照下的1.28～1.39、1.20～1.46、1.36～1.82、1.81～2.60和3-5倍。 N1水平和B2添加量下土壤净累积氮矿化量显著最高。氮素矿化主要发生在前30天；土壤净累积氮矿化量随时间变化的一级动力方程拟合结果良好。（4）蔬菜废弃物直接还田表明，对不同土层，直接还田可以降低下层土壤速效氮；甘蓝产量表明蔬菜废弃物直接还田时，常规磷肥减半，不施钾肥可以稳产。
Other Abstract	To comprehend vegetable residues resource and effect of waste vegetable retun to field at plateau. Laboratory and field experiment were conducted in order to understand the decomposition cycle and nutrients change and fertilizer reduction after applying vegetable waste. The results showed as follows: (1) 32～66% of vegetable was wasted through vegetable growing, and which contains 4～12% K，2.7～4.5% N，0.16～1.65% P based dry matter. (2) The result show vegetable waste decompose rapidly. The exponential equation fit well. The half dry matter of celery and cauliflower waste decomposed need 31～57 and 6～12 days. (3) Soil organic matter, total N, available P, K and N were 1.28～1.39 times, 1.20～1.46 times, 1.36～1.82 times, 2.60～1.81 times, 3～5 times higher than the CK. N mineralization mainly occurred in the first 30 days. A ﬁrst-order kinetics equation of net accumulated N mineralization fits well. (4) Available N in lower layer decreased when incorporate vegetable waste.
URL	查看原文
Language	中文
Document Type	学位论文
Identifier	https://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/222103
Collection	生命科学学院
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	胡国平. “高原夏菜”剩余物资源状况及其还田效应[D]. 兰州. 兰州大学,2012.

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