异质生境结构对生物入侵速度影响的模拟研究

兰州大学机构库 >数学与统计学院

	异质生境结构对生物入侵速度影响的模拟研究
Alternative Title	A Simulation Research for Invasion Speed of Non-native Species of Heterogeneous Environment
	杨立
Thesis Advisor	李维德
	2012-05-26
Degree Grantor	兰州大学
Place of Conferral	兰州
Degree Name	硕士
Keyword	元胞自动机异质生境生境丧失入侵速度生物入侵
Abstract	基于元胞自动机模型研究异质生境对入侵种群的入侵速度和平衡密度的影响。文章中的异质生境指由于生境丧失、破坏和破碎造成的异质生境，且入侵种和本地种为竞争关系，入侵种占有竞争优势。研究表明：(1)异质生境对于减小生物入侵速度有着良好的效果，并且这种效果随着生境破碎比例的增加而增强。(2)在同一生境破碎程度下，生物入侵速度会在破碎生境随机分布附近达到最小值，即破碎生境聚集度的增强会使得这种延缓生物入侵的效果消弱或者失效。这提醒我们，不能通过大范围聚集程度很高的破碎来阻止生物入侵。 (3)随机的扰动可以减小优势种群的入侵速度。 (4)生境破碎可以提高优势种群平衡时的相对密度。(5)在同一生境破碎程度下，破碎生境随机分布时，优势种群的平衡密度会达到最大。 (6)当破碎生境的聚集度增大时，异质生境下的结论会趋向于均质生境下的结论。(7)全局的控制方法，如除草剂、杀虫剂、火烧，更有利于优势种。它不仅可以增加优势种群的平衡密度，还缩短了系统达到平衡的时间。控制手段配合竞争优势种对于生物控制作用更好。
Other Abstract	Heterogeneous landscape in the paper results from habitat loss and fragmentation. We show that : (1) Heterogeneous landscape has positive effect upon reducing invasion speed, and the effect will be enhanced with the increase of habitat fragmentation. (2) Under the same habitat destruction level, invasion speed will get minimum when habitat destruction manner is stochastic manner. It means that the effect of prevention will diminish or fail when the aggregation level of habitat destruction is strong, and the results remind us that we can not prevent biological invasions by large scale destruction with clustering manner. (3) Stochastic disturbance will reduce invasion speed of dominant species. (4) Habitat destruction is benefit to dominant species, it increases density of dominant species relatively. (5) Equilibrium density of dominant species will get maximum when habitat destruction manner is stochastic manner. (6) When the clustering degree of habitat destruction is high, the effect of heterogeneous landscape on invasion speed will tend to homogeneous landscape. (7) We take the mortality rate d as an additional means of control method (we assume biological control method cause the same damage on two species), such as herbicides , pesticides, fire.
URL	查看原文
Language	中文
Document Type	学位论文
Identifier	https://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/224398
Collection	数学与统计学院
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	杨立. 异质生境结构对生物入侵速度影响的模拟研究[D]. 兰州. 兰州大学,2012.

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