物理科学与技术学院知识库

石油化学工业在国民经济中占有重要地位，压力容器是石油化工行业的核心设备，各种物理、化学反应都必须在压力容器内进行。压力容器作为特种设备受到国家的高度重视，其制造必须遵守GB/T 150的要求，根据工作环境的不同，有一部分压力容器在遵守GB/T 150的同时还必须遵守TSG 21的要求。石油化工行业的压力容器由于使用环境的特殊性，使得这类压力容器与普通工作环境下的压力容器相比，在满足GB/T 150和TSG 21标准的基础上还要给企业提出更高要求的技术规范（技术条件）。

本文针对石油化工装置高温和临氢的特殊工况，结合企业多年生产实践，在遵循国家标准的基础上，提出了14Cr1MoR和12Cr2Mo1R制压力容器制造、检验的技术规范（技术条件），对材料成分、力学性能、产品制造和产品检验提出了更高的要求，对材料在特殊使用环境下可能出现的损伤问题加以预防和控制。材料成分方面主要考虑磷含量由标准规定的≤0.020%降低到≤0.010%，力学性能方面主要考虑抵抗氢脆的影响从而提高材料的韧性值，产品制造方面主要考虑焊接接头硬度、焊接冷裂纹和再热裂纹的影响，产品检验方面主要考虑在制造过程的每一个环节中可能对材料本体和焊接接头产生的影响，有针对性的利用无损检测手段检验质量。本文的成果已成功应用于公司的工程实践。

The petrochemical industry is an important foundation of national economy. Pressure vessels are the core equipment of the petrochemical industry in which various chemical and physical reactions take place, usually under high temperature and high pressure conditions. As such, the safty in the design, production and usage of pressure vessels is highly guaranteed by the government and should be carried out very carefully abiding by GB/T 150; in some circumstances, TSG 21 are additionally required to be followed. Despite these, particular specifications are still needed for pressure vessels used in the petrochemical industry because of the harsh conditions (e.g. exposure to hydrogen) that the vessels will encounter.

In this work, such a particular specificaiton in the manufacture of pressure vessels, working under high temperature, high pressure and and hydrogen enviorment, by using 14Cr1MoR and 12Cr2Mo1R are formulated. On basis of the manufacture experiences over the years, we put forward suitable parameters in the control of the chemical composition of raw materials, through the manufacture procedure (mainly welding) of the vessel, to quality verification of the product.For raw materials, the phosphorus content is reduced from ≤0.020% to ≤0.010% and the toughness increased against hydrogen embrittlement. For the  manufacture procedure, the hardness, cold cracks and reheating cracks of welding joints are specifically considered. For quality verification of the final product, nondestructive tests for welding joints are intentionally specified.The final specification resulted from this work has already been applied in our company.