哲学社会学院知识库

自笛卡尔的“我思，我在”命题一出，近代哲学便开始了一场对认识活动的确定性进行奠基的思想运动，期间核心的问题之一就是“我思”和外部客观世界的证明问题。本文着重考察了在笛卡尔、康德和胡塞尔那里，对相关问题的解答，梳理了其各自理论的基础和论证过程，并对他们各自思想之间的相互联系进行了简要分析。通过海德格尔对此一问题的回应，即基于对主体和客体之关系的源初现象的还原，确立了已然在世界之中的此在的优先地位，并以操心之整体结构为线索，将问题最终归结到了存在问题上。最终得出结论：在存在问题的视野内，倘若在此在与世界源初照面的结构统一中，尊重最初的现象实情，那么，主体-客体之区分这一作为认识论的前提就会自然被消解。与此同时，基于此在向存在之超越所展露的时间问题，将会使此一问题获得全新的理解，并进而开启更源初层次的追问。

Since Descartes' "I think, I am" proposition, modern philosophy began a ideological movement of finding the certainty of cognition, One of the core problems during the period was the "I think" and the proof of the external objective world。This paper focuses on the solution to the related problems in Descartes, Kant and Husserl, analyse the basis of their theory and the process of argumentation, and makes a brief analysis of the interrelationship between their respective thoughts.By investigating Heidegger's response to this question, with the restoration of the original phenomenon of the relationship between the subject and the object ，he demonstrates the priority of Da-sein which is already in the world ,and  takes the overall structure of the Care as a clue. The original problem finally comes to the problem of Being. We finally concluded that: in the view of the problem of the Being, if we follow the unity of the structure at the beginning of meeting of Da-sein and the world and respect  the original phenomenon of truth, then the distinction between  the subject and the object ,which is always thought as the premise of epistemology, will naturally be digested 。At the same time, with this presenting of the transcendent exposition of the time based on the relationship between Da-sein and Being,  It will make this issue a new understanding, and then open the more primitive level of inquiry.